Physical modification of hydroxyapatite: the drastic enhancement of both cation (Cd²⁺) and anion (F⁻) adsorption and recycling efficiency

Abstract

(1) Novel physically modified (by ultrasound and freeze-drying) HAp nanoparticles (2) drastic enhancement in the Cd 2+ (208%) and F − (488%) adsorption capacities along with rapid adsorption and greater recycling efficiency compared to the reported data.