Enhanced room-temperature Na+ ionic conductivity in Na4.92Y0.92Zr0.08Si4O12

Abstract

Developing cost-effective and reliable solid-state sodium batteries with superior performance is crucial for stationary energy storage. A key component in facilitating their application is a solid-state electrolyte with high conductivity and stability. Herein, we employed aliovalent cation substitution to enhance ionic conductivity while preserving the crystal structure. Optimized substitution of Y3+ with Zr4+ in Na5YSi4O12 introduced Na+ ion vacancies, resulting in high bulk and total conductivities of up to 6.5 and 3.3 mS cm–1, respectively, at room temperature with the composition Na4.92Y0.92Zr0.08Si4O12 (NYZS). NYZS shows exceptional electrochemical stability (up to 10 V vs. Na+/Na), favorable interfacial compatibility with Na, and an excellent critical current density of 2.4 mA cm–2. The enhanced conductivity of Na+ ions in NYZS was elucidated using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques and theoretical simulations, revealing two migration routes facilitated by the synergistic effect of increased Na+ ion vacancies and improved chemical environment due to Zr4+ substitution. NYZS extends the list of suitable solid-state electrolytes and enables the facile synthesis of stable, low-cost Na+ ion silicate electrolytes.