The potential of coupling wastewater treatment with hydrocarbon production using Botryococcus braunii

Abstract

The growing world population and industrialization necessitate shifting away from depleting and eco-toxic fossil fuels. Microalgae, specifically B. braunii, offer a viable alternative due to their unique ability to produce high levels of long-chain hydrocarbons and lipids for biodiesel production. This review focuses on the potential of using wastewater as a cost-effective culture medium for B. braunii cultivation, leading to biofuel production and wastewater reclamation. Different wastewater (agricultural, municipal, and industrial) and their suitability for supporting B. braunii growth were discussed. Some physicochemical parameters that influence the growth of B. braunii in wastewater were highlighted. The challenges of cultivating B. braunii in wastewater were identified, and potential solutions were proposed. Utilizing abundantly available, costless wastewater for B. braunii cultivation is a roadmap toward achieving cost-efficient and environmentally friendly biofuel production and other valuable products. This approach could address the global energy crisis, combat climate change, and provide fresh water to meet rising demands.