Cooperative Carbon Dioxide Capture in Diamine-Appended Magnesium–Olsalazine Frameworks

Abstract

Diamine-appended Mg₂(dobpdc) (dobpdc^4- = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) metal-organic frameworks have emerged as promising candidates for carbon capture owing to their exceptional CO₂ selectivities, high separation capacities, and step-shaped adsorption profiles, which arise from a unique cooperative adsorption mechanism resulting in the formation of ammonium carbamate chains. Materials appended with <i>primary</i>,<i>secondary</i>-diamines featuring bulky substituents, in particular, exhibit excellent stabilities and CO₂ adsorption properties. However, these frameworks display double-step adsorption behavior arising from steric repulsion between ammonium carbamates, which ultimately results in increased regeneration energies. Herein, we report frameworks of the type diamine-Mg₂(olz) (olz^4- = (<i>E</i>)-5,5'-(diazene-1,2-diyl)bis(2-oxidobenzoate)) that feature diverse diamines with bulky substituents and display desirable single-step CO₂ adsorption across a wide range of pressures and temperatures. Analysis of CO₂ adsorption data reveals that the basicity of the pore-dwelling amine─in addition to its steric bulk─is an important factor influencing adsorption step pressure; furthermore, the amine steric bulk is found to be inversely correlated with the degree of cooperativity in CO₂ uptake. One material, ee-2-Mg₂(olz) (ee-2 = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethylethylenediamine), adsorbs >90% of the CO₂ from a simulated coal flue stream and exhibits exceptional thermal and oxidative stability over the course of extensive adsorption/desorption cycling, placing it among top-performing adsorbents to date for CO₂ capture from a coal flue gas. Spectroscopic characterization and van der Waals-corrected density functional theory calculations indicate that diamine-Mg₂(olz) materials capture CO₂ via the formation of ammonium carbamate chains. These results point more broadly to the opportunity for fundamentally advancing materials in this class through judicious design.