Meta-DNA Strand Displacement for Sub-Micron-Scale Autonomous Reconfiguration

Abstract

Dynamic molecular interactions in chemical reaction networks lead to complex behaviors in living systems. Whereas recent advances in programming DNA molecular reactions have reached a high level of complexity at molecular and nanometer scales, achieving programmable autonomous behavior at submicron or even larger scales remains challenging. Here, we present a mechanism of meta-DNA strand displacement reactions (M-SDRs) that is mediated solely by meta-toehold (M-toehold) using versatile submicron building blocks of meta-DNA (M-DNA). M-SDR emulates the toehold binding and branch migration processes of conventional strand displacement. Importantly, the kinetics of M-SDR can be modulated over a range of five orders of magnitude reaching a maximum rate of about 1.62 × 10⁵ M^-1 s^-1. Further, we demonstrate the use of M-SDR to program autonomous reconfiguration in information transmission and logical computation systems. We envision that M-SDR serves as a versatile mechanism for emulating autonomous behavior approaching the cellular level.