<i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i>-Driven Novel Biosynthesis of Tin Oxide Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Anti-aging, Cytotoxic, and Enzyme Inhibition Potential

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a research hotspot that has gained considerable interest due to its potential inferences in the bioscience, medical, and engineering disciplines. The present study uses biomass from the <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> EAF63 strain to create bio-inspired metallic tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO₂ NPs). The biosynthesized NPs were extensively analyzed using UV spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. The identification of the crystalline phase was confirmed by XRD. The SEM technique elucidated the morphological characteristics and size of SnO₂ NPs. SEM investigation revealed that the SnO₂ NPs have a size of 10 nm with spherical morphology. The capping of NPs was confirmed by FTIR analysis that revealed the presence of different compounds found in the biomass of the <i>E. hormaechei</i> EAF63 strain. Later, EDX confirmed the elemental composition of NPs. Moreover, the synthesized SnO₂ NPs were employed for important applications including anti-aging, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-inflammatory, anti-larvicidal, and antibacterial action against sinusitis pathogens. The highest value was observed for <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (19.75 ± 0.46), followed by <i>Moraxella catarrhalis</i> (17.49 ± 0.82) and <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (15.31 ± 0.73), respectively. Among the used concentrations, the highest inhibition of 76.8 ± 0.93 for 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) was observed at 400 μg/mL, followed by 67.4 ± 0.91 for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). So, as an outcome, <i>E. hormaechei</i>-mediated SnO₂ NPs might be considered as the safe and effective nanoplatforms for multifunctional biological applications in the field of nanomedicine.