CMOS Integrated Circuits for the Quantum Information Sciences

TLDR

Quantum technologies have advanced rapidly, prompting interest in using classical integrated circuits to create more compact, high‑performance, and extensible quantum systems. The article reviews early CMOS and BiCMOS integrated circuits for quantum information sciences and outlines open research directions for CMOS designers. The review details CMOS and BiCMOS integrated circuits for NMR, NV‑based magnetometry, trapped‑ion, superconducting, and quantum‑dot quantum computing, including their technological requirements and proof‑of‑concept implementations.

Abstract

Over the past decade, significant progress in quantum technologies has been made and, hence, engineering of these systems has become an important research area. Many researchers have become interested in studying ways in which classical integrated circuits can be used to complement quantum mechanical systems, enabling more compact, performant, and/or extensible systems than would be otherwise feasible. In this article—written by a consortium of early contributors to the field—we provide a review of some of the early integrated circuits for the quantum information sciences. CMOS and BiCMOS integrated circuits for nuclear magnetic resonance, nitrogen-vacancy-based magnetometry, trapped-ion-based quantum computing, superconductor-based quantum computing, and quantum-dot based quantum computing are described. In each case, the basic technological requirements are presented before describing proof-of-concept integrated circuits. We conclude by summarizing some of the many open research areas in the quantum information sciences for CMOS designers.