A Lipid Droplet-Specific NIR Fluorescent Probe with a Large Stokes Shift for In Vivo Visualization of Polarity in Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract

The research on lipid droplets (LDs) has attracted great attention in the field of biomedical science in recent years. LD malfunction is found to be associated with the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). To monitor this biological process and explain related pathological behavior, the development of excellent LD fluorescent probes with a polarity-sensitive character would provide a desirable strategy. Herein, we designed a new polarity-susceptible fluorescent probe named <b>LD-B</b> with LD targetability, which exhibits very weak fluorescence in highly polar solvents based on the twisted intramolecular charge transfer effect but enhanced fluorescence in low polar environments, enabling us to visualize polarity alteration. The probe <b>LD-B</b> also possesses the merits of intense near-infrared (NIR) emission, good photostability, large Stokes shift, low toxicity, faster metabolic rate, and wash-free ability; thereby, it would contribute to efficient LD fluorescence visualization application. Using <b>LD-B</b> via confocal laser scanning fluorescence imaging and a small-animal imaging system <i>in vivo</i>, we first manifested a prominent rise of LD polarity in contrast-induced AKI (CI-AKI), not only at the cellular level but also in animals in vivo. Furthermore, the <i>in vivo</i> studies suggest that <b>LD-B</b> could accumulate in the kidney. In addition, the normal cell lines (including kidney cells) exhibiting a greater polarity of LDs than the cancer cells have been demonstrated systemically. Altogether, our work presents an effective approach for the medical diagnosis of LDs related to CI-AKI and identification of potential therapeutic markers.