Overview of Helicobacter pylori Infection, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Its Prevention

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) (formerly known as Campylobacter pyloridis) has been studied for over a century due to its association with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Its prevalence has been declining due to improvements in hygienic conditions and effective curative and preventive approaches. However, it is still present in different communities and continues to spread, increasing its global presence in both developing as well as developed countries. Extensive research has been ongoing to eradicate this pathogen, and at present, scientists have discovered different management options. This article highlights the global prevalence of H. pylori infection and the factors responsible for its transmission, treatment regimens, and prevention.