Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging With Indocyanine Green to Predict Clinical Outcome After Revascularization in Lower Extremity Arterial Disease

Abstract

Contemporary quality control methods are often insufficient in predicting clinical outcomes after revascularization in lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) patients. This study evaluates the potential of near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green to predict the clinical outcome following revascularization. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging was performed before and within 5 days following the revascularization procedure. Clinical improvement was defined as substantial improvement of pain free walking distance, reduction of rest- and/or nocturnal pain, or tendency toward wound healing. Time-intensity curves and 8 perfusion parameters were extracted from the dorsum of the treated foot. The quantified postinterventional perfusion improvement was compared within the clinical outcome groups. Successful near-infrared fluorescence imaging was performed in 72 patients (76 limbs, 52.6% claudication, 47.4% chronic limb-threatening ischemia) including 40 endovascular- and 36 surgical/hybrid revascularizations. Clinical improvement was observed in 61 patients. All perfusion parameters showed a significant postinterventional difference in the clinical improvement group (<i>P</i>-values <.001), while no significant differences were seen in the group without clinical improvement (<i>P</i>-values .168-.929). Four parameters demonstrated significant differences in percentage improvement comparing the outcome groups (<i>P</i>-values within .002-.006). Near-infrared fluorescence imaging has promising additional value besides clinical parameters for predicting the clinical outcome of revascularized LEAD patients.