Increasing Electro-Optical Properties of Perovskite FAPbI₃ Under the Effect of Doping by Sn

Abstract

The development of valuable materials for photovoltaics is occurring at a rapid pace, particularly in the area of perovskite materials. The present study examines the impact of doping on the perovskite FAPbI <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> using varying percentages of tin. The researchers utilized Density Functional Theory DFT to optimize and determine the electronic and optical properties. The CASTEP code was employed for this purpose. The outcome of this research revealed that the new material displays desirable features such as high absorbency and a low bandgap, which piques the interest of scientists to apply these materials in photovoltaic systems. It is imperative to investigate high-efficiency perovskite materials with limited or no lead content, as the lead component in FAPbI <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> , a heavy metal, can cause harm to both humans and the environment.