Characterization of the semen, gut, and urine microbiota in patients with different semen abnormalities

Abstract

This study comprehensively describes the differences in intestinal and genitourinary tract microbiota between healthy individuals and those with abnormal semen parameters. Furthermore, our study identified <i>Collinsella</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Blautia</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus</i> as potential probiotics. Finally, the study identified <i>Bacteroides</i> in the gut and <i>Staphylococcus</i> in semen as potential pathogenic bacteria. Our study lays the foundation of a new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.