Removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from effluent by a plant-based metal–organic framework

Abstract

Abstract Emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), such as pharmaceutical compounds, are of growing environmental concern, and there is a need to develop new materials and technologies for their efficient removal. Here we developed a highly porous and stable zirconium–ellagate framework, denoted SU-102, which was used to remove EOCs from water, including real municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent. SU-102 adsorbs cationic EOCs with particularly high efficiencies, and of the 17 pharmaceutical EOCs detected in wastewater treatment plant effluent, all 9 cationic species were removed with efficiencies of at least 79.0–99.6%, emphasizing the importance of framework charge on selectivity. As a second mechanism of EOC removal, SU-102 photodegraded the antibiotic sulphamethazine under visible light. SU-102 is synthesized from ellagic acid, an edible polyphenol building unit, highlighting the possibility of creating stable high-performance multi-functional materials from sustainably sourced plant-based components.