The Type 1 Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Gene Is Altered in the<i>opisthotonos</i>Mouse

Abstract

The opisthotonos ( opt ) mutation arose spontaneously in a C57BL/Ks-db 2J colony and is the only known, naturally occurring allele of opt . This mutant mouse was first identified based on its ataxic and convulsive phenotype. Genetic and molecular data presented here demonstrate that the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP 3 R1) protein, which serves as an IP 3 -gated channel to release calcium from intracellular stores, is altered in the opt mutant. A genomic deletion in the IP 3 R1 gene removes two exons from the IP 3 R1 mRNA but does not interrupt the translational reading frame. The altered protein is predicted to have lost several modulatory sites and is present at markedly reduced levels in opt homozygotes. Nonetheless, a strong calcium release from intracellular stores can be elicited in cerebellar Purkinje neurons treated with the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist quisqualate (QA). QA activates Group I mGluRs linked to GTP-binding proteins that stimulate phospholipase C and subsequent production of the intracellular messenger IP 3 , leading to calcium mobilization via the IP 3 R1 protein. The calcium response in opt homozygotes shows less attenuation to repeated QA application than in control littermates. These data suggest that the convulsions and ataxia observed in opt mice may be caused by the physiological dysregulation of a functional IP 3 R1 protein.