Association of Obesity Indices with Diabetic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Study

Abstract

Obesity was a risk factor for DKD, and the effect may be attributable to C-peptide, which represents insulin resistance. The protective effect of obesity or C-peptide on DR was not independent and could be confounded by multiple factors. Higher C2/C0 was associated with both decreased DKD and DR.