Artificial intelligence-based comprehensive analysis of immune-stemness-tumor budding profile to predict survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Abstract

'Anti-/pro-tumor' models and the spatial relationship among CD8⁺ T cells, CSCs, and TB within the tumor microenvironment were investigated. Novel strategies to predict the prognosis of patients with PDAC were established using AI-based comprehensive analysis and machine learning workflow. The nomogram-based immune-CSC-TB profile can provide accurate prognosis prediction for patients with PDAC.