Mixing methods for solid state electrodes: Techniques, fundamentals, recent advances, and perspectives

Abstract

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are currently under development with the aim of reaching the market in the following years. However, to enable cost-effective battery cells, the optimization of the slurry mixing process is essential since this step affects the particle size and the distribution of the electrode components. The mixing methods can be classified into dry or wet depending on the use or not of liquids during the mixing process. Selecting one or another will directly impact on the properties, the cost and the environmental sustainability of the final electrodes and cells. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the techniques that are currently employed for the mixing of solid-state electrodes and the basic theory and principles that explain their fundamentals are described in this paper. In addition, the recent advances in the state of the art are discussed in detail, focusing on the performances of the SSBs. Finally, we share our views of the remaining challenges in SSB manufacturing and propose future development directions for manufacturing research in SSBs.