Hollow Carbon Nanopillar Arrays Encapsulated with Pd–Cu Alloy Nanoparticles for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Abstract

Delicate design and bottom-up synthesis of hollow nanostructures for oxygen evolution electrocatalysts is a promising way to accelerate the reaction kinetics of overall water splitting. Herein, an efficient and versatile strategy for the controllable preparation of Pd-Cu alloy nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanopillar arrays (PD-Cu@HPCN) is developed. Core-shell structured MOF@imidazolium-based ionic polymers (ImIPs) have been prepared and adopted as a template, along with the decomposition of the inner Cu-MOFs when an anion exchange occurs between sodium tetrachloropalladate in solution and bromides in the external ImIP shell. Pd nanoparticles will be highly dispersed in the resulting Pd-Cu@HO-ImIP array, and subsequent topotactic transformation generates Pd-Cu@HNPC. No hazardous reagents or tedious steps are used to remove the inner Cu-MOF templates in contrast to the traditional top-down methods. Remarkably, the Pd-Cu@HPCN catalyst possesses outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, including small overpotential with 10 mA cm^-2 at an overpotential of 188 mV, a large double layer capacitance (73.8 mF cm^-2), and high stability (20 h). This simple, green, and efficient synthesis methodology represents a new way to design metal alloys for OER electrocatalysts or other electrocatalytic devices.