Association between heavy metals exposure and infertility among American women aged 20–44 years: A cross-sectional analysis from 2013 to 2018 NHANES data

Abstract

Urinary As was significantly associated with female infertility, and the risk of infertility increased with higher urinary As levels. To some extent, urinary Cd was correlated with infertility. Blood/urine Pb was related to infertility in advanced age and overweight/obese women. The results of this study need to be further validated in future prospective studies.