IMF staff discussion note · 2023 · 288 citations · 82 references
Social SciencesEconomicsInternational RelationsInternational EconomicsInternational Political EconomyInternational TradeEconomic GlobalizationEconomic IntegrationGlobal FinanceGlobal IntegrationGlobal Political EconomyInternational Monetary RelationsChannelsGeopolitical EconomyGeopolitical FragmentationGlobal Capital FlowsGlobal Financial Safety NetGlobal Public Goods FinancingMigration Under GlobalizationPublic Goods Production
After several decades of increasing global economic integration, the world is facing the risk of policy-driven geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF). This note explores the ramifications. It identifies multiple channels through which the benefits of globalization were earlier transmitted, and along which, conversely, the costs of GEF are likely to fall, including trade, migration, capital flows, technology diffusion and the provision of global public goods. It explores the consequences of GEF for the international monetary system and the global financial safety net. Finally, it suggests a pragmatic path forward for preserving the benefits of global integration and multilateralism.
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