Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using grape seed extract and evaluation of their antibacterial and antioxidant activities

Abstract

Plant extracts are eco-friendly alternatives to physical and chemical sources for nanoparticle synthesis. In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were obtained from grape seed extract using the green method, and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. The UV-Visible analysis observed the ZnO NPs peak at around 350 nm. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the ZnO NPs confirmed uniform distribution and a nano-sized range. The average crystallite sizes were found to be 15.86 nm. The green-synthesized ZnO NPs was exhibited antioxidant activity through scavenging of 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. The eco-friendly ZnO NPs inactivated the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC of 62.5 µg/mL. The zone diameters of the disk diffusion agar assay against S. aureus were detected as 8-12 mm at 250, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL ZnO NP concentrations. Thus, the present study demonstrates that eco-friendly prepared ZnO NPs have an antibacterial effect on S. aureus.