A Framework of Intelligent Mental Health Monitoring in Smart Cities and Societies

Abstract

AbstractIn any smart city and society, the citizens' mental health is one of the utmost concerns. Nowadays, people from different sectors of our community face a severe mental health threat due to the prolonged pandemic of COVID-19. Depression, anxiety, suicidal behaviours, and posttraumatic stress disorder are widespread terms nowadays for students, health care workers, jobless people, etc. And Machine Learning (ML), image processing, expert systems, Internet of Things (IoT) are performing an essential function in the significant acceleration of the automation process within the healthcare industry. Therefore, this article aims to address the problem of preventing mental health disorders by early predicting individuals using the developed web portal "Mind Turner"; and by integrating the mentioned emerging tools in this way, later chronic mental health disorders can be avoided. We used the Random Forest Classifier to detect stress levels from the Question-Answer-based assessment, and SVM is used to detect facial emotions. Finally, both are combined using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic to predict the probable mental health of a person, i.e. acute depression, moderate depression and not depressed.KEYWORDS: COVID-19DepressionImage processingInternet of Health Things (IoHT)Machine learningMental illnessMental healthSmart city Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Correction StatementThis article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.Additional informationNotes on contributorsArpita ChakrabortyArpita Chakraborty, BTech, MTech, PhD (Engg), is an assistant professor in the Electronics and Communications Engineering Department at Bengal Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India. Email: [e-mail] Sekhar BanerjeeJyoti Sekhar Banerjee, BTech, ME, PhD (Engg), PG Diploma in IPR & TBM is an assistant professor and head in the CSE (AI & ML) Department at Bengal Institute of Technology, Kolkata, India and visiting researcher (Post Doc) at Nottingham Trent University, UK. Corresponding author. Email: [e-mail] BhadraRitam Bhadra is pursuing a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering at Bengal Institute of Technology, Kolkata. Email: [e-mail] DuttaAnik Dutta is pursuing a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering at Bengal Institute of Technology, Kolkata. Email: [e-mail] GangulyShatabdi Ganguly is pursuing a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering at Bengal Institute of Technology, Kolkata. Email: [e-mail] DasDeblina Das is pursuing a bachelor's degree in electronics and communication engineering at Bengal Institute of Technology, Kolkata. Email: [e-mail] KunduSouvik Kundu, BTech, MTech, pursuing PhD (Engg), and graduate assistant in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA. Email: [e-mail] MahmudMufti Mahmud is an associate professor of cognitive computing at the Computer Science Department of Nottingham Trent University, UK. He has been the recipient of the top 2% cited scientists worldwide in computer science (2020), the NTU VC outstanding research award 2021, and the Marie-Curie postdoctoral fellowship. Mahmudis the coordinator of the Computer Science and Informatics research excellence framework unit of assessment at NTU and the deputy group leader of the Cognitive Computing & Brain Informatics and the Interactive Systems research groups. Email: [e-mail] SahaGautam Saha, MBBS, MD, psychiatry (Calcutta University) is one of the senior psychiatrists in Kolkata, India. He is the founder and director of Clinic Brain Neuropsychiatric Institute and Research Center, Kolkata-700124. He is an expert in the diagnosis, treatment, prevention of mental disorders, including addiction and sexual disorders. At present, he is the president of the Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS), Vice-President of the SAARC Federation of Psychiatry and the Indian Association for Geriatric Mental Health (IAGMH). Email: [e-mail]