Mass Spectrometry-Based Charge Heterogeneity Characterization of Therapeutic mAbs with Imaged Capillary Isoelectric Focusing and Ion-Exchange Chromatography as Separation Techniques

Abstract

Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) and ion-exchange chromatography (IEX) are two essential techniques that are routinely used for charge variant analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) during their development and in quality control. These two techniques that separate mAb charge variants based on different mechanisms and IEX have been developed as front-end separation techniques for online mass spectrometry (MS) detection, which is robust for intact protein identification. Recently, an innovative, coupled icIEF-MS technology has been constructed for protein charge variant analysis in our laboratory. In this study, icIEF-MS developed and strong cation exchange (SCX)-MS were optimized for charge heterogeneity characterization of a diverse of mAbs and their results were compared based on methodological validation. It was found that icIEF-MS outperformed SCX-MS in this study by demonstrating outstanding sensitivity, low carryover effect, accurate protein identification, and higher separation resolution although SCX-MS contributed to higher analysis throughput. Ultimately, integrating our novel icIEF-HRMS analysis with the more common SCX-MS can provide a promising and comprehensive strategy for accelerating the development of complex protein therapeutics.