There Is More to Wounds than Bacteria: Fungal Biofilms in Chronic Wounds

Abstract

Abstract Purpose of Review The management of chronic wounds, a debilitating condition, presents a considerable challenge to healthcare professionals and a significant burden on services. When these wounds are exposed to the external environment, they are susceptible to microbial infection, which further complicates their management and worsens clinical outcomes. Recent Findings Bacteria typically exist in wounds as part of a biofilm, which is often polymicrobial in nature, alongside bacteria and fungi that are described as being more virulent and tolerant towards antimicrobials and antiseptics. Despite advancing knowledge in polymicrobial biofilm wound infections with respect to bacteria, the role of fungi is largely ignored, and their influence in chronicity and clinical management is not fully appreciated or understood. Summary The purpose of this review is to explore the significance of fungi within chronic wound environments and, in doing so, understand the importance of interkingdom interactions in wound management.