Self-Driven Electron Transfer Biomimetic Enzymatic Catalysis of Bismuth-Doped PCN-222 MOF for Rapid Therapy of Bacteria-Infected Wounds

Abstract

In this work, a biomimetic nanozyme catalyst with rapid and efficient self-bacteria-killing and wound-healing performances was synthesized. Through an <i>in situ</i> reduction reaction, a PCN-222 metal organic framework (MOF) was doped with bismuth nanoparticles (Bi NPs) to form Bi-PCN-222, an interfacial Schottky heterojunction biomimetic nanozyme catalyst, which can kill 99.9% of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>). The underlying mechanism was that Bi NP doping can endow Bi-PCN-222 MOF with self-driven charge transfer through the Schottky interface and the capability of oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activity, because a large number of free electrons can be captured by surrounding oxygen species to produce radical oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, once bacteria contact Bi-PCN-222 in a physiological environment, its appropriate redox potential can trigger electron transfer through the electron transport pathway in bacterial membranes and then the interior of the bacteria, which disturbs the bacterial respiration process and subsequent metabolism. Additionally, Bi-PCN-222 can also accelerate tissue regeneration by upregulating fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis genes (<i>bFGF</i>, <i>VEGF</i>, and <i>HIF-1α</i>), thereby promoting wound healing. This biomimetic enzyme-catalyzed strategy will bring enlightenment to the design of self-bacterial agents for efficient disinfection and tissue reconstruction simultaneously.