Supramolecular Host–Guest Hydrogel Based on γ-Cyclodextrin and Carboxybenzyl Viologen Showing Reversible Photochromism and Photomodulable Fluorescence

Abstract

Much effort has been devoted to the development of supramolecular hydrogels due to their broad applications and conveniently controllable properties. Here, we demonstrate a novel supramolecular host<b>-</b>guest hydrogel, which is constructed by the host γ-CD complexed with the guest 1-(4-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium chloride (<b>1⁺</b>·Cl^-) through the π···π interaction, hydrogen bonding, and host-guest interactions. The supramolecular hydrogel [<b>1⁺</b>@γ-CD]_<i>n</i> exhibits reversible electron transfer photochromic behavior and photomodulable fluorescence. The excellent photochromic and fluorescence properties support the practical utility of the supramolecular hydrogel as a visual display and anti-counterfeiting material.