Full‐Color Emissive D‐D‐A Carbazole Luminophores: Red‐to‐NIR Mechano‐fluorochromism, Aggregation‐Induced Near‐Infrared Emission, and Application in Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract

The preparation of multifunctionalized luminophores with full-color emission based on an identical core skeleton is a significative but challenging research topic. In this work, eight donor-donor-acceptor (D-D-A)-type luminogens based on a central carbazole core bearing a C₆ hydrocarbon chain were designed by using different kinds of donor and acceptor units on the left and right, and synthesized in good yields. These D-D-A carbazole derivatives display deep-blue, sky-blue, cyan, green, yellow-green, yellow, orange and red fluorescence in the solid state, achieving full-color emission covering the whole visible light range under UV light illumination. Notably, the dicyano-functionalized triphenylamine-containing carbazole derivative exhibits rare aggregation-induced near-infrared emission and red-to-near-infrared mechano-fluorochromism with high contrast beyond 100 nm. Furthermore, the red-emissive luminogen can serve as a potential candidate for cell imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). This work not only provides reference for the construction of full-color emissive systems but also opens a new avenue to the preparation of multifunctionalized luminophores capable of simultaneous application in near-Infrared mechanical-force sensors and PDT fields.