Nutrient deprivation and hypoxia alter T cell immune checkpoint expression: potential impact for immunotherapy

Abstract

(A) TIGIT, CTLA-4 and PD-L2 were upregulated on CD45⁺ immune cells and CTLA-4 expression on CD45⁺ cells correlated with a subsequent decreased response to neoadjuvant regimen. (B) Following a 48 h co-culture with OE33 cells, T cells upregulated LAG-3 and decreased CD27 co-stimulatory marker. (C) Nutrient deprivation and hypoxia upregulated a range of ICs on T cells and decreased IFN-γ production by T cells. Nivolumab decreased IL-10 production by T cells under nutrient deprivation-hypoxic conditions.