A new order, Entrophosporales, and three new Entrophospora species in Glomeromycota

Abstract

As a result of phylogenomic, phylogenetic, and morphological analyses of members of the genus <i>Claroideoglomus</i>, four potential new glomoid spore-producing species and <i>Entrophospora infrequens</i>, a new order, Entrophosporales, with one family, Entrophosporaceae (=Claroideoglomeraceae), was erected in the phylum Glomeromycota. The phylogenomic analyses recovered the Entrophosporales as sister to a clade formed by Diversisporales and Glomeraceae. The strongly conserved entrophosporoid morph of <i>E. infrequens</i>, provided with a newly designated epitype, was shown to represent a group of cryptic species with the potential to produce different glomoid morphs. Of the four potential new species, three enriched the Entrophosporales as new <i>Entrophospora</i> species, <i>E. argentinensis, E. glacialis</i>, and <i>E. furrazolae</i>, which originated from Argentina, Sweden, Oman, and Poland. The fourth fungus appeared to be a glomoid morph of the <i>E. infrequens</i> epitype. The physical association of the <i>E. infrequens</i> entrophosporoid and glomoid morphs was reported and illustrated here for the first time. The phylogenetic analyses, using nuc rDNA and <i>rpb1</i> concatenated sequences, confirmed the previous conclusion that the genus <i>Albahypha</i> in the family Entrophosporaceae sensu Oehl et al. is an unsupported taxon. Finally, the descriptions of the Glomerales, Entrophosporaceae, and <i>Entrophospora</i> were emended and new nomenclatural combinations were introduced.