CO2 emissions and their changes with H2O emissions, soil moisture, and temperature during the wetting–drying process of the soil mixed with different biochar materials

Abstract

Abstract Biochar is an organic regulator that improves crop yield by regulating soil properties. In addition, this organic regulator is also effective in reducing CO2 emissions from soil. However, considering the management of CO2 emissions together with many factors and the different properties of soil depending on the biochar content, CO2 emissions can vary. Thus, the study investigated the soil moisture and temperature and H2O emissions, which affect the emission, and CO2 emission of biochars with different raw materials applied to the soil in the wetting–drying cycle of the soil. It was determined that biochar applications decreased CO2 emissions, but the share of each biochar material in reduction differed, and CO2 emissions were 82, 51, 20, and 13% lower in straw, hazelnut, apple, and sawdust biochar applications than in soil without biochar, respectively, and significant positive linear relationships of CO2 emissions with soil moisture–temperature and H2O emissions were determined. In addition, in biochar applications, H2O and soil temperature decreased depending on the moisture retention in the soil. In the findings, it can be suggested that straw biochar application to soil is more effective in reducing the severity of increasing global warming, and that soil moisture and temperature should be managed to reduce CO2 emissions.