Distributed Secondary Control for Battery Management in a DC Microgrid

Abstract

This research presents the design and simulation of a distributed secondary control based on a consensus algorithm for the efficient management of an isolated DC microgrid (MG-DC) that secures the distribution of active power according to the capacities of each storage unit, reducing duty cycles and extending its life cycle. The balance of powers is fulfilled through a photovoltaic (PV) generation unit and an energy storage system (ESS) based on batteries. The PV Boost converter has a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller based on the perturb and observe (P & O) method. In contrast, a Buck–Boost converter is integrated into each battery, which is bidirectionally controlled through a local controller and a primary droop control that balances the required power at the loads. It produces a voltage deviation on the DC bus. To compensate for this deviation, a distributed secondary control strategy based on consensus is proposed to restore the voltage while managing the power sharing according to the capacities of each battery. It allows for the improvement of its life cycle, which is shown in the state of charge (SOC) index, thus extending its life cycle. The controllers are evaluated for solar re-source changes, load changes, and different storage capacities.