Clonostachys rosea Promotes Root Growth in Tomato by Secreting Auxin Produced through the Tryptamine Pathway

Abstract

<i>Clonostachys rosea</i> (Link) Schroers is a filamentous fungus that has been widely used for biological control, biological fermentation, biodegradation and bioenergy. In this research, we investigated the impact of this fungus on root growth in tomato and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that <i>C. rosea</i> can promote root growth in tomato, and tryptophan enhances its growth-promoting impacts. The results also showed that tryptophan increases the abundance of metabolites in <i>C. rosea</i>, with auxin (IAA) and auxin-related metabolites representing a majority of the highly abundant metabolites in the presence of tryptophan. It was noted that <i>C. rosea</i> could metabolize tryptophan into tryptamine (TRA) and indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAId), and these two compounds are used by <i>C. rosea</i> to produce IAA through the tryptamine (TAM) pathway, which is one of the major pathways in tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthesis. The IAA produced is used by <i>C. rosea</i> to promote root growth in tomato. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on IAA biosynthesis by <i>C. rosea</i> through the TAM pathway. More research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying IAA biosynthesis in <i>C. rosea</i>, as well as to examine the ability of this fungus to boost plant development in the field.