Perfectly Encoding π‐Conjugated Anions in the <i>RE</i>₅(C₃N₃O₃)(OH)₁₂ (<i>RE</i>=Y, Yb, Lu) Family with Strong Second Harmonic Generation Response and Balanced Birefringence

Abstract

Nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal, which simultaneously exhibits strong second-harmonic-generation (SHG) response and desired optical anisotropy, is a core optical material accessible to the modern optoelectronics. Accompanied by strong SHG effect in a NLO crystal, a contradictory problem of overlarge birefringence is ignored, leading to low frequency doubling efficiency and poor beam quality. Herein, a series of rare earth cyanurates RE₅ (C₃ N₃ O₃ )(OH)₁₂ (RE=Y, Yb, Lu) were successfully characterized by 3D electron diffraction technique. Based on a "three birds with one stone" strategy, they enable the simultaneous fulfillment of strong SHG responses (2.5-4.2× KH₂ PO₄ ), short UV cutoff (ca. 220 nm) and applicable birefringence (ca. 0.15 at 800 nm) by the introduction of rare earth coordination control of π-conjugated (C₃ N₃ O₃ )^3- anions. These findings provide high-performance short-wavelength NLO materials and highlight the exploration of cyanurates as a new research area.