Trace-level detection of sulfonamide antibiotics using quaternary ammonium polymeric ionic liquid-based effervescence-enhanced dispersive solid-phase extraction followed by LC-DAD analysis in environmental waters

Abstract

and satisfactory recoveries of 81.40-102.62% for five sulfonamides (SAs) in environmental waters. The lower relative standard deviations (1.9-6.7%) evidenced the higher intraday and interday experimental precision by this method. Overall, the newly developed method is environmentally benign, time-saving, and easy to operate with low detection limit and high recovery and thus shows excellent prospects in the trace-level detection of SAs in environmental waters.