Marine Algae Extract (<i>Grateloupia Sparsa</i>) for the Green Synthesis of Co₃O₄NPs: Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anticancer, and Hemolytic Activities

Abstract

The aqueous extract of red algae was used for bio-inspired manufacturing of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co₃O₄NPs) and for antioxidant, antibacterial, hemolytic potency, and anticancer activity. Typical, characterization techniques include UV-Vis, SEM, EDAX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. Using an X-ray diffraction assay, the size of the Co₃O₄NPs crystal was determined to range from 23.2 to 11.8 nm. Based on TEM and SEM pictures, biosynthesized Co₃O₄NPs' had a homogeneous spherical morphology with a 28.8 to 7.6 nm average diameter. Furthermore, Co₃O₄NPs biological properties were investigated, including determining the antibacterial potency using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) method and determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antibacterial activity of Co₃O₄NPs was higher than that of the ciprofloxacin standard. Alternatively, scavenging of DPPH free radical investigation was carried out to test the antioxidant capacitance of Co₃O₄NPs, revealing significant antioxidant ability. The biosynthesized Co₃O₄NPs have a dose-dependent effect on erythrocyte viability, indicating that this technique is harmless. Furthermore, bioinspired Co₃O₄NPs effectively against HepG2 cancer cells (IC₅₀: 201.3 <i>μ</i>g/ml). Co₃O₄NPs would be a therapeutic aid due to their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties.