Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and toxicogenomic effects of heatedtobacco products and cigarette smoke in human primarykeratinocytes

Abstract

HTPs and CCs had similar cytotoxic effects. HTPs are genotoxic, can cause DSBs, and have toxicogenomic damage because they inhibit the MDC1 and ATR-CHK1 DNA repair pathways in the oral mucosa. The miRNA-mRNA axis was not related to these inhibitions.