Engineered Spore-Forming <i>Bacillus</i> as a Microbial Vessel for Long-Term DNA Data Storage

Abstract

DNA data storage technology may supersede conventional chip or magnetic data storage medium, providing long-term stability, high density, and sustainable storage. Due to its error-correcting capability, DNA data stored in living organisms exhibits high fidelity in information replication. Here we report the development of a <i>Bacillus</i> chassis integrated with an inducible artificially assembled bacterial chromosome to facilitate random data access. We generated three sets of data in the form of DNA sequences using a rudimentary coding system accessible by the regulatory promoter. Sporulated <i>Bacillus</i> harboring the genes were used for long-term storage, where viability assays of spores were subjected to harsh environmental stresses to evaluate the data storage stability. The data accuracy remained above 99% after high temperature and oxidative stress treatment, whereas UV irradiation treatment provided above 96% accuracy. The developed <i>Bacillus</i> chassis and artificial chromosome facilitate the long-term storage of larger datum volume by using other DNA digital encoding and decoding programs.