Multifunctional Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/Poly(Styrene‐Methacrylic Acid)@Polypyrrole Nanospheres/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Electrospinning Membrane for High Sensitivity Pressure Sensing and Pressure‐Electrothermal

Abstract

Abstract The introduction of superior conductive materials on flexible substrates with surface‐built microstructures has proven to be an effective solution for enhancing the sensitivity of pressure sensor. Thermoplastic polyurethane electrospun membrane (TPUEM) with multi‐void structure is used as substrate, and poly(styrene‐methacrylic acid)@polypyrrole nanospheres (PPNs) are pumped into the TPUEM by vacuum filtration to form a microstructure on the surface of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) electrospun fibers. The MXene dispersion is sprayed on the surface of PPNs/TPUEM. As it is gradually infiltrated into the material, a conductive network is formed. When the MXene/PPNs/TPUEM is subjected to pressure, its resistance decreases significantly due to the close contact between MXene and PPNs. The assembled pressure sensor shows superior sensitivity (16.72 kPa −1 ), broad sensing range (0–32.1 kPa), and rapid response (145 ms). The pressure sensor demonstrates the ability to detect human health signals and activities, including human pulse, breathing, and joint movements, etc. Benefiting from its excellent negative piezoresistive effect, the pressure sensor shows a significant pressure‐electrothermal function at 2.0 V and the local temperature is 48.08 °C. The MXene/PPNs/TPUEM has potential applications in human physiological signal monitoring, motion monitoring, and energy saving electric heating mats.