A Novel Low-Profile Phased Antenna With Dual-Port and Its Application in 1-D Linear Array to 2-D Scanning

Abstract

A novel low-profile phased antenna with dual-port and its two types of 1-D linear array to 2-D space wide-angle beam scanning are proposed. The antenna unit is composed of fishbone structure and rhombus parasitic patch, which is folded into n-shaped to low profile <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.08\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> . By adjusting the phase difference ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \varphi$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) from 0° to 180°, the antenna working mode is changed from even mode to hybrid mode and to odd mode eventually. Therefore, the proposed antenna unit realizes wide-angle scanning characteristics and continuous switching state from broadside lobe to endfire lobe. Furthermore, the proposed phased antenna element is extended to two kinds of 1-D linear phased array (Array#1 and Array#2) based on the generalized principle of the pattern multiplication. The fabricated Array#1 can realize beam scanning range <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$- 116^{\circ }&lt; \theta _{\mathrm {m}} &lt; 0^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xo</i> z plane), <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0^{\circ }&lt; \theta _{\mathrm {m}} &lt; 63^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">yo</i> z plane), and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$90^{\circ }&lt; \Phi _{\mathrm {m}} &lt; 169^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xoy</i> plane) and the fabricated Array#2 can achieve <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0^{\circ }&lt; \theta _{\mathrm {m}} &lt; 60^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xo</i> z plane), <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0^{\circ }&lt; \theta _{\mathrm {m}} &lt; 65^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{y}{o}\text{z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> plane), and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$90^{\circ }&lt; \Phi _{\mathrm {m}} &lt; 152^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xoy</i> plane). The proposed phased antenna unit and its 1-D array can realize 2-D space wide-angle scanning, improving scanning performance and expanding scanning dimensional space in phased array.