Radical Activation of N–H and O–H Bonds at Bismuth(II)

Abstract

The development of unconventional strategies for the activation of ammonia (NH₃) and water (H₂O) is of capital importance for the advancement of sustainable chemical strategies. Herein we provide the synthesis and characterization of a radical equilibrium complex based on bismuth featuring an extremely weak Bi-O bond, which permits the in situ generation of reactive Bi(II) species. The ensuing organobismuth(II) engages with various amines and alcohols and exerts an unprecedented effect onto the X-H bond, leading to low BDFE_X-H. As a result, radical activation of various N-H and O-H bonds─including ammonia and water─occurs in seconds at room temperature, delivering well-defined Bi(III)-amido and -alkoxy complexes. Moreover, we demonstrate that the resulting Bi(III)-N complexes engage in a unique reactivity pattern with the triad of H⁺, H^-, and H^• sources, thus providing alternative pathways for main group chemistry.