Amino-Functionalized Single-Lanthanide Metal–Organic Framework as a Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Quantitative Visual Detection of Fluoride Ions

Abstract

Excessive content of fluoride ions (F^-) in water will lead to water pollution and endanger human health, so the research on the method of low-cost, rapid, and efficient detection of F^- is of particular significance. In this work, an amino-functionalized ligand with an appropriate triplet energy excited state, 2'-amino-[1,1':4',1″-terphenyl]-3,3″,5,5″-tetracarboxylic acid (H₄TPTC-NH₂), was selected to construct a luminescent single-lanthanide metal-organic framework, EuTPTC-NH₂, with uncoordinated amino groups for the detection of F^-. Based on host-guest interactions, that is, hydrogen bonds formed between the free amino groups and F^- ions, EuTPTC-NH₂ was developed as a ratiometric fluorescence probe for F^- detection with good anti-interference ability, low detection limit, high water stability, and selectivity. It was found that EuTPTC-NH₂ has an excellent linear response to F^- in the concentration range of 0-80 μM with high sensitivity and a low detection limit of 11.26 μM. A hydrogel membrane based on the combination of EuTPTC-NH₂ and agarose was also prepared for the quantitative visual detection of F^- in water.