A low-concentration sulfone electrolyte enables high-voltage chemistry of lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Commercial carbonate electrolytes with poor oxidation stability and high flammability limit the operating voltage of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) to ~4.3 V. As one of the most promising candidates for electrolyte solvents, sulfolane (SL) has received significant interest because of its wide electrochemical window, low flammability and high dielectric permittivity. Unfortunately, SL-based electrolytes with normal concentrations cannot achieve highly reversible Li+ intercalation/deintercalation in graphite anodes due to an ineffective solid electrolyte interface, thus undermining their potential application in LIBs. Here, a low-concentration SL-based electrolyte (LSLE) is developed for high-voltage graphite||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) full cells. A highly reversible graphite anode can be achieved through the preferential decomposition of the dual-salt LiDFOB-LiBF4 in the LSLE. The addition of fluorobenzene further restrains the decomposition of SL, endowing uniform, robust and inorganic-rich interphases on the electrode surfaces. As a result, the LSLE with improved thermal stability can support the MCMB||NCM811 full cells at 4.4 V, evidenced by an excellent cycling performance with capacity retentions of 83% after 500 cycles at 25 ℃ and 82% after 400 cycles at 60 ℃. We believe that the design of this fluorobenzene-containing LSLE offers an effective routine for next-generation low-cost and safe electrolytes for high-voltage LIBs.