OCHSA: Designing Energy-Efficient Lifetime-Aware Leisure Degree Adaptive Routing Protocol with Optimal Cluster Head Selection for 5G Communication Network Disaster Management

TLDR

Device‑to‑device communication in 5G networks enhances capacity, power efficiency, and public safety, but requires reliable alternate access during disasters and must address interference and limited coverage challenges. This study proposes OptCH_L‑LDAR, an energy‑efficient, lifetime‑aware routing protocol that selects optimal cluster heads via a binary flower pollination optimization algorithm. OptCH_L‑LDAR employs a multi‑hop topology guided by the binary flower pollination algorithm and is benchmarked against BFP, TDMA, and data‑driven techniques. The protocol attains 96 % energy efficiency, 89 % lifetime, 97 % outage probability, and 98 % spectral efficiency.

Abstract

As an underlayment to cellular 5G communication network, device-to-device (D2D) communications will not only boost capacity utilization and power efficiency but also provide public health and public safety services. One of the most important requirements for these businesses is to have alternate access to cellular networks in the event that they are partially or completely disrupted as a result of a natural disaster. Despite limited communication coverage and bandwidth scarcity, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) must have developed a new device-to-device (D2D) communication method fundamental enhanced mobile that can strengthen spectral efficiencies besides allowing direct communication of gadgets in close propinquity devoid of transitory by elevated-node B (eNB). Unfortunately, enabling data transmission on a cellular connection offers a challenge in terms of two-way radio source administration, because D2D associates recycle cellular users’ uplink radio resources, which might create interference to D2D user equipment’s (DUE) receiving channels. In this study, we concentrate on optimal cluster head selection using the binary flower pollination optimization algorithm by designing an energy-efficient lifetime-aware leisure degree adaptive routing protocol named OptCH_L-LDAR. This topology is constructed with a multi-hop obliging communication system, instructed on the way to wrap an extensive remoteness connecting source and destination. The proposed OptCH_L-LDAR is compared with three state-of-art methods such as binary flower pollination (BFP) algorithm, time division multiple access (TDMA), and data-driven technique (DDT). As a result, the proposed OptCH_L-LDAR achieves 96% of energy efficiency, 89% of lifetime, 97% of outage probability, and 98% of spectral efficiency.