Nanomaterial-based Electrochemical Biosensors

TLDR

Nanomaterials possess unique size, shape, stability, electron‑transfer facilitation, and surface‑area properties that enable miniaturization and functionalization, making them ideal for chemical and biochemical sensing. The study evaluated electrochemical biosensors modified with various nanomaterials, assessing analytical performance (detection limit, linear range) and practical features (fabrication ease, storage stability, reproducibility). The authors employed multiple methods to tailor nanomaterial properties and examined their advantages across enzyme, immuno, nucleic‑acid, cell, phage, and aptamer sensor categories.

Abstract

Abstract: Nanomaterials often show very different sizes, shapes, and stability properties. They also facilitate electron transfer and can be easily modified with chemical ligands and biomolecules. These properties, combined with the ease of miniaturizing nanoscales and their application to sensing devices, make nanomaterials well suited for essential chemical/biochemical sensing applications. : Nanomaterials are superior materials not only due to their structural properties but also their functional properties. Using various methods makes it possible to change the available and stack properties. : Nano-sized materials are preferred in modern technological systems because they have a large surface area and different optical and electronic properties. : In this study, electrochemical biosensor applications based on sensors modified with various nanomaterials were evaluated in terms of analytical parameters, such as detection limit, linear range, and features, such as easy fabrication, storage stability, and reproducibility. Besides, the advantages of using nanomaterials were examined under 6 different headings as enzyme biosensors, immunosensors, nucleic acid sensors, cell, phage, and aptasensors.