Recent Advances in 3D Printed Sensors: Materials, Design, and Manufacturing

Abstract

Abstract Sensors are of great importance in different aspects of research and industry. Future sensors will require high‐efficient and low‐cost manufacturing, as well as high‐performance functionality in areas, such as mechanical sensing, biomedical, and optical applications. Recent advances in 3D printing open a new paradigm for sensors fabrication as a precision, customizable, and seamless process. In this article, the state‐of‐the‐art 3D printing methods in sensors manufacturing is reviewed and the performance of the 3D printed sensing materials and devices is summarized. Special attention is paid to emerging multimaterial printing and 4D printing technologies, which will benefit the fabrication of a new generation of structures with multifunctionalities. The content on 3D printed sensors covers piezoelectric sensors, medical, and optical sensing devices. The performance of 3D printed sensors in comparison with the sensors made by traditional manufacturing is also covered. Finally, section 4 provides the viewpoints on the future development of 3D printed sensors.