Improving self-motion perception and balance through roll tilt perceptual training

Abstract

The present study aimed to determine if a vestibular perceptual learning intervention could improve roll tilt self-motion perception and balance performance. Two intervention groups (<i>n</i> = 10 each) performed 1,300 trials of roll tilt at either 0.5 Hz (2 s/motion) or 0.2 Hz (5 s/motion) distributed over 5 days; each intervention group was provided feedback (correct/incorrect) after each trial. Roll tilt perceptual thresholds, measured using 0.2-, 0.5-, and 1-Hz stimuli, as well as quiet stance postural sway, were measured on <i>day 1</i> and <i>day 6</i> of the study. The control group (<i>n</i> = 10) who performed no perceptual training, showed stable 0.2-Hz (+1.48%, <i>P</i> > 0.99), 0.5-Hz (-4.0%, <i>P</i> > 0.99), and 1-Hz (-17.48%, <i>P</i> = 0.20) roll tilt thresholds. The 0.2-Hz training group demonstrated significant improvements in both 0.2-Hz (-23.77%, <i>P</i> = 0.003) and 0.5-Hz (-22.2%, <i>P</i> = 0.03) thresholds. The 0.5-Hz training group showed a significant improvement in 0.2-Hz thresholds (-19.13%, <i>P</i> = 0.029), but not 0.5-Hz thresholds (-17.68%, <i>P</i> = 0.052). Neither training group improved significantly at the untrained 1-Hz frequency (<i>P</i> > 0.05). In addition to improvements in perceptual precision, the 0.5-Hz training group showed a decrease in sway when measured during "eyes open, on foam" (<i>d_z</i> = 0.57, <i>P</i> = 0.032) and "eyes closed, on foam" (<i>d_z</i> = 2.05, <i>P</i> < 0.001) quiet stance balance tasks. These initial data suggest that roll tilt perception can be improved with less than 5 h of training and that vestibular perceptual training may contribute to a reduction in subclinical postural instability.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Roll tilt vestibular perceptual thresholds, an assay of vestibular noise, were recently found to correlate with postural sway. We therefore hypothesized that roll tilt perceptual training would yield improvements in both perceptual precision and balance. Our data show that roll tilt perceptual thresholds and quiet stance postural sway can be significantly improved after less than 5 h of roll tilt perceptual training, supporting the hypothesis that vestibular noise contributes to increased postural sway.