Integrated Urinalysis Devices Based on Interface‐Engineered Field‐Effect Transistor Biosensors Incorporated With Electronic Circuits

TLDR

Urinalysis offers a non‑invasive alternative to cystoscopy for early bladder cancer detection, but trace tumor biomarkers and the complex urine matrix make reliable analysis challenging. Engineered IGZO FET biosensor arrays deliver high sensitivity and selectivity for detecting trace bladder‑tumor proteins in urine. The integrated device, coupled with a machine‑learning algorithm, diagnoses bladder cancer with 95 % accuracy in 197 patients, distinguishes stages with 90 % accuracy, and predicts recurrence, establishing a robust platform for remote, personalized care.

Abstract

Urinalysis is attractive in non-invasive early diagnosis of bladder cancer compared with clinical gold standard cystoscopy. However, the trace bladder tumor biomarkers in urine and the particularly complex urine environment pose significant challenges for urinalysis. Here, a clinically adoptable urinalysis device that integrates molecular-specificity indium gallium zinc oxide field-effect transistor (IGZO FET) biosensor arrays, a device control panel, and an internet terminal for directly analyzing five bladder-tumor-associated proteins in clinical urine samples, is reported for bladder cancer diagnosis and classification. The IGZO FET biosensors with engineered sensing interfaces provide high sensitivity and selectivity for identification of trace proteins in the complex urine environment. Integrating with a machine-learning algorithm, this device can identify bladder cancer with an accuracy of 95.0% in a cohort of 197 patients and 75 non-bladder cancer individuals, distinguishing cancer stages with an overall accuracy of 90.0% and assessing bladder cancer recurrence after surgical treatment. The non-invasive urinalysis device defines a robust technology for remote healthcare and personalized medicine.