Association of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease With Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Cardiac Morphology

Abstract

Background and Aim Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A newly proposed definition is metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which was changed from NAFLD. The clinical effect of this change on abnormalities of cardiac structure and function is yet unknown. We aimed to examine whether MAFLD is associated with left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and cardiac remolding and further identify the impact of different subgroups and severity of MAFLD. Method We evaluated 228 participants without known CVDs. Participants were categorized by the presence of MAFLD and the normal group. Then, patients with MAFLD were subclassified into three subgroups: MAFLD patients with diabetes (diabetes subgroup), overweight/obesity patients (overweight/obesity subgroup), and lean/normal-weight patients who had two metabolic risk abnormalities (lean metabolic dysfunction subgroup). Furthermore, the severity of hepatic steatosis was assessed by transient elastography (FibroScan ® ) with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and patients with MAFLD were divided into normal, mild, moderate, and severe hepatic steatosis groups based on CAP value. Cardiac structure and function were examined by echocardiography. Results LVDD was significantly more prevalent in the MAFLD group (24.6% vs. 60.8%, p < 0.001) compared to the normal group. The overweight subgroup and diabetes subgroup were significantly associated with signs of cardiac remolding, including interventricular septum thickness, LV posterior wall thickness, left atrial diameter (all p < 0.05), relative wall thickness, and LV mass index (all p < 0.05). Additionally, moderate-to-to severe steatosis patients had higher risks for LVDD and cardiac remolding (all p -values < 0.05). Conclusion MAFLD was associated with LVDD and cardiac remolding, especially in patients with diabetes, overweight patients, and moderate-to-to severe steatosis patients. This study provides theoretical support for the precise prevention of cardiovascular dysfunction in patients with MAFLD.