Effect of smartphone location on pharmacy students’ attention and working memory

Abstract

Smartphone use has become ubiquitous worldwide. Despite smartphone-related convenience, smartphone use has raised concerns regarding addiction among university undergraduates. This study aimed to examine the effect of smartphone location, such as desk, bag, and another room, on attention and working memory, based on electroencephalography parameters, in pharmacy students. We also examined associations among electroencephalography variables (theta, alpha, and beta waves), working memory, correct