Integrating Equity Considerations into Agent-Based Modeling: A Conceptual Framework and Practical Guidance

Abstract

Advancing equity is a complex challenge for society, science, and policy. Agent-based models are
\nincreasingly used as scientific tools to advance understanding of systems, inform decision-making, and share
\nknowledge. Yet, equity has not received due attention within the agent-based modeling (ABM) literature. In this
\npaper, we develop a conceptual framework and provide guidance for integrating equity considerations into ABM
\nresearch and modeling practice. The framework conceptualizes ABM as interfacing with equity outcomes at two
\nlevels (the science-society interface and within the model itself) and the modeler as a filter and lens that projects
\nknowledge between the target system and the model. Within the framework, we outline three complementary,
\nequity-advancing action pathways: (1) engage stakeholders, (2) acknowledge positionality and bias, and (3)
\nassess equity with agent-based models. For Pathway 1, we summarize existing guidance within the participatory
\nmodeling literature. For Pathway 2, we introduce the positionality and bias document as a tool to promote
\nmodeler and stakeholder reflexivity throughout the modeling process. For Pathway 3, we synthesize a typology
\nof approaches for modeling equity and ffer a set of preliminary suggestions for best practice. By engaging with
\nthese action pathways, modelers both reduce the risks of inadvertently perpetuating inequity and harness the
\nopportunities for ABM to play a larger role in creating a more equitable future.